Cf. the following sentence. 5% Am. IX. 1. 58 fAaorypiov. 59 Cf. Deut. XXXI. 9. Lev. XVI. 7. the people. But the rest of the people also must pray for the priest, as it is written, 50 ‘Give strength unto him whom تك thou hast prepared for us, that they y be not found in sin’:
(§ 6(. م The priests must behave themselves according 5 the Apostles have ordained. Wherefore the bishop must be in nothing blameworthy, °' married to one wife, vigilant, wise, orderly, of an understanding heart, °? apt to teach, not a lover of shameful gain, ordering well his house, faithful, true, pure, continent, constant in the right word, stedfast in doctrine. 55 He shall not be double-tongued, neither have two weights and measures; eager to lend unto him that asketh, be it in a costly or in an abundant time; 6 a father unto orphans, yeac unto them he knoweth not,c and unto widows, (yet) in all purity; who lifteth not up his eyes to behold any woman, nor turneth away his face from the poor, neither forgetteth them that are in prison but visiteth and serveth them according to his power; who is grieved for all the weak; respecteth not persons; hateth all sin, (but) loveth the righteous; reproving sinners and teaching them repen- tence; who"? receiveth not a gift, nor driveth out any man; who layeth no over-heavy burden upon them that despise him, 2 who blesseth them that curse him, 55 maketh com- plaint of no man but rather suffereth every oppression that befalleth him; not sullen; desiring not beauty of face; binding not upon the poor man beyond that his strength can bear;
not resisting the rich; admonishing all that would be taught
x M. Incline him toward him whom. y M. that he be not.
z R. Contents: Of what is the duty of the bishop, how his way of life should be and that he must be sufficiently instructed.
6 M. an abundant time or a costly. c M. not (only) them he knoweth.
/ Read perhaps, ‘that reverence him’.
64a Cf. Lu. XI. 46, Act. XV. 10. 65 Matt. V. 44, Lu. VI. 28.
. ok, 98a
y M. that he be not. z R. Contents: Of what is the duty of the bishop, how his way of life should be and that he must be sufficiently instructed. 6 M. an abundant time or a costly. c M. not (only) them he knoweth. / Read perhaps, ‘that reverence him’. 64a Cf. Lu. XI. 46, Act. XV. 10. 65 Matt. V. 44, Lu. VI. 28. . ok, 98a
in humbleness of heart; approaching the altar not with pride but in humility, that is, regarding not himself as more than all the people but rather as one of them; who receiveth all that come unto him; who keepeth watch over himself, not each night to defile his couch, when that same day he would perform the holy office. °° And if he is able, let him be continent, for that is better; 7 but be he not able, let him not for that cause be a burden unto himself, because that many women and virgins and veiledz brides have been entrusted unto him, and they come unto thee one by one and receive thy blessing. For that which is entrusted unto thee was not given (even) unto Moses, the greatest of the prophets, °' but unto Miriam his sister, which went before the women, while he himself led only the men. ° But thou art leader both for the men and women. Wherefore watch thyself in all things, knowing that unto whom much is entrusted, of him shall much be required. ’ For they come not unto thee but unto Christ, whom thou servest, and they come not unto thee that thou shouldest set a value on their ornaments g but rather that they should take account of thy faith. For he that keepeth his eyes that they behold not the face of women, his heart remains pure from defilement. It is said, ‘° ‘Mine eye is pure and innocent, so that I see not any evil thing’. He whose eyes are pure, his heart also if Dile, ao it iosediay a Dlecscca aie the pure: ii-heart. for they shall see God’. He that looketh on no woman, ™ his heart is not defiled. Look not upon the face of a woman, O priest, for they have been entrusted unto thee that thou mightest guard thyself. Say as thou prayest, 5 ‘Avert mine
k M. an altar. m M. which is better. 2 M. beloved. g R. their rank.
R f. 985 eyes, that they behold not vanity’, as one that knoweth that the house entrusted unto thee is the house of heaven, and that it is the church upon earth, whereof Jacob saith, © ‘This is the house of God, this is the gate of heaven’. For all the angels which come from before God do come first unto the church and glorify the house of God that is upon earth.
(§ 7).« If thou wouldest learn the truth, hear, that I may teach thee how thou mayest honour the church with all reverence. Forwv she is builded in heaven in the form that Moses planned, when he built the tabernacle according to the form which he had seen upon mount Sinai, as it was said unto him. Give heed to the reverence which belongeth unto the holy place wherein thou doest service. Hear how God commanded Moses, 1" ‘Ordain for thy brother Aaron w that he come not at all times within the veil before the altar, lest he die. For in a cloud upon the altar will I show myself and will speak with thee’. And if He forbade Moses and Aaron, who did minister, to come within the veil at all times as they wished, how much the more them that with little reverence do talk x in the holy place or that without shame y dispute over the altar vessels or steal the first fruits of the altar? For,’ because the Lord standeth upon the
altar, ‘ so are they )2. 2. the altar vessels) spiritual and neither
silver nor gold nor stone nor wood; even as the bread and wine, before’ they are raised upon ‘ the altar, are bread and
wine, yet, after that they are raised upon the altar, are no
w R. Contents: Of the glory of the church.
2 The text reads: Because she is builded in heaven, after this one form, Moses, as he built the tabernacle, according to the form efc. But I read
M. for Aaron thy brother. x Mv. minister. y M. consideration. مه
R f. 99a
Contents: Of the glory of the church. 2 The text reads: Because she is builded in heaven, after this one form, Moses, as he built the tabernacle, according to the form efc. But I read
M. for Aaron thy brother. x Mv. minister. y M. consideration. مه
R f. 99a
more bread and wine, but the life-giving م body of God and blood, °° so that they that communicate therein die not, but live eternally. So (also) is the altar; and be it of wood or Stone Or Gold)” Ol Gliyer, It do io (more) mortal @ as ‘its former substance, but liveth for ever and is spiritual; for the living God standeth thereon. As He testified concerning Moses and Aaron, that they were holy in His 7 priesthood, and as it is said ' that bells of gold should be hanged upon the garment of Aaron, that the angels who guard the altar might hear their noise; so now shall the presbyters be holy with all holiness, the more especially because the holy body and life-giving blood hath been distributed unto them. And if the mount whereon He once did stand, to give the law unto the people, be turned to a thing better and more holy, as this is testified by the seventy elders of the sons of Israel, saying, ‘We beheld the place where stood the God of Israel, and the place beneath His feet was as bricks of sapphire orc carbuncle, like in its holiness to the firmament of heaven’. And if the stone was thus singularly transfigured and made thus beautiful, how much more the altar, d the sanctuarye whereon He daily standeth and/ the place wherein His feet appear to us. And if it was not given (/¢. entrusted) to Moses and Aaron to enter into this place whensoever they would, albeit the Holy Ghost testified of them saying that Moses was holy and Aaron, in His priesthood; if (then) these two holy men ventured not to transgress the Lord’s commandments, coming before Him in fear and trembling, humbling themselves before Him with prayers and much
fasting and great purity and making before them a noise
. 2 Mp. costly. aR Mv. > mortal. 6 R. Thy. c M. and. © 1 aan e Mv. the holy altar, the place. FJ Mp. >. 80 Cf. Leipoldt, Schenute 88. 81 V. R. 94a, end.
82 Exod. XXIV. to.
with the bells of gold that hung at the openings of their
2 Mp. costly. aR Mv. > mortal. 6 R. Thy. c M. and. © 1 aan e Mv. the holy altar, the place. FJ Mp. >. 80 Cf. Leipoldt, Schenute 88. 81 V. R. 94a, end. 82 Exod. XXIV. to. with the bells of gold that hung at the openings of their
garments, so that the chiefs that were round about the holy altar should hear their sound as they entered in and were hid from view, that they might not die, if haply they should enter suddenly — for the altar can never remain without an angel(), nay not for an instant or the twinkling of an eye — therefore must they (z.¢. the clergy) do the service in purity; and with the pure and holy incense, wherewith the presbyter doth cense about the altar, must he surround himself, for shame before the Holy Ghost, even as holy virgins are ashamed. For the altar that is set up in heaven before the Lord is the Holy Ghost, reasonable and speaking and knowing who it is striveth for him upon earth. And he (z.e. the Holy Ghost) ordereth that none impure nor any adulterer nor drunken nor who hath drunk overmuch wine nor a hater of men nor an usurer nor slanderer shall draw nigh him. For all the servants of the place where is the body of Christ must be without sin, as the eagles. For He hath said,° ‘In the place where the carcass is, there #z will the eagles be gathered.’
(§ 8). Is it not shameful when it is heard that one of the eagles that are gathered about the Saviour is married to two wives: For the eagle that is without understanding hath but one mate;' how then can he that hath under- standing dwell with two wives? Is not such an one a lover
of the pleasures of g the world?g
m M. thereunto. mn R. Contents: Of that it is not lawful to dwell with two wives. gM >.
83 Cf. R. 94a, end. 54 07. Apoc. V1.9:
85 It is not possible to render the passage otherwise than as here; cf. Cramer, Catenae in NT., 1. 490, 1. 35, II. 131, 1. 17.
81 Cf. the Physiologus, where this is related of the raven, not of the eagle (ed. Lauchert 257; 2. also Aeg. Zeitschr. XXXIII. 52). [W. E. C.]
R f. 60
R f. 2002
gM >. 83 Cf. R. 94a, end. 54 07. Apoc. V1. 9:
85 It is not possible to render the passage otherwise than as here; cf. Cramer, Catenae in NT. , 1. 490, 1. 35, II. 131, 1. 17. 81 Cf. the Physiologus, where this is related of the raven, not of the eagle (ed. Lauchert 257; 2. also Aeg. Zeitschr. XXXIII. 52). [W. E. C. ]
R f. 60
R f. 2002
(§ g).7 It is not right for the priest that he measure with two ozpe-measures. 55 When he receiveth, he measureth with the great ozpe, filleth it well and crieth unto him that measureth, ‘Fill thy hand.’ And when he giveth, he measureth with the small ozfe and filleth it but a little, with intent to receive something besides that the other receives. 55 And (thereat) he is very glad, thinking to have found great profit, and knowing not the loss that hath befallen him through his theft (committed) with his measure. And especially, when he causeth loss at the weighing out of the price, receiving payment by the heavy, giving it by the light (weight), or taking usury and, when they reckon, laying the double upon the principal and diminishing the hire of the labourers, so that the labourers cry out unto them. But they hearken not unto them, neither think thereon in their soulsv and so know not that these be under God’s protection. Such as are thus are violent, insatiate robbers and eat the bread of the altar without reverence, whose eyes make them not ashamed, though they know in their hearts that they are unworthy thereof. Oftentimes do they confess that they have not need thereof, showing thereby their greed and their small satis- faction and covering their shame with the veil which they do put on. If there be found two measures or two balances, this is not the canon of the church. Ifz, in the house of righteousness, no righteousness be found, what then is the house of righteousness? For in the house wherein righteous- ness dwelleth not, neither doth God dwell. z O my beloved,
ry R. Contents: That it is not lawful that the priest have two measures.
v R. neither use themselves thereto.
z M. If in the house of righteousness, righteousness be found, yet in a house wherein righteousness dwelleth not, neither is God found there.
For in the house wherein righteous- ness dwelleth not, neither doth God dwell. z O my beloved,
ry R. Contents: That it is not lawful that the priest have two measures. v R. neither use themselves thereto. z M. If in the house of righteousness, righteousness be found, yet in a house wherein righteousness dwelleth not, neither is God found there.
let not the name of God be blasphemed by reason of the feebleness of our discipline. °° Unrighteousness and unright increase profit a man nought because of his righteous deeds. °! Let not the gentiles revile God’s name through us; for a man knoweth who are his children and God also discerneth His just ones. ° Confound not with God’s priesthood the affairs of idols; for their priests do evil d, hate, go astray, lie. For the Lord Christ hath testified unto us, concerning the devil whom these serve, that he never spake truth. 13 If their god cannot speak truth, how can their priests speak truth, since they have passed all their time in the teaching of lies and do deceive men so as to lead them astray. Let us not, O my beloved, be like unto these in respect of the gains that perish. For Peter, the greatest of the Apostles, to whom He did entrust the keys of the kingdom of heaven, exhorteth us saying, "4 ‘I exhort you, ye presbyters, I who am with you as a fellow-presbyter and a witness of the sufferings of Christ “and a partaker of the glory which is revealed, that ye tend the flock of God which is among you; not as the lords of terror, but in the joy which is of God, nor yet from love of wicked gain, but with joy and gladness; neither as lording it over the flock, but be ye good examples unto the flock; that when the chief shepherd shall appear, ye may receive the crowng of glory that fadeth not away. Likewise the younger shall obey the elders and shall be humble one toward another; for God resisteth the proud and giveth grace unto the humble’.
(§ 10).% This is that noble and sweet saying which the true archbishop, that is the Apostle Peter, wrote unto the
d M err. g R. the crowns. h R. Contents: That the bishop is answerable, not for the congregation alone, but also for the whole clergy.
mC vite the; 91 7. e. good deeds do not compensate for evil. 952 £1 17 983 Joh. VIII. 44. 94 1 Pet. V. 1—5.
R f. 1004
g R. the crowns. h R. Contents: That the bishop is answerable, not for the congregation alone, but also for the whole clergy. mC vite the; 91 7. e. good deeds do not compensate for evil. 952 £1 17 983 Joh. VIII. 44. 94 1 Pet. V. 1—5. R f. 1004
bishops and presbyters, he unto whom He did entrust "5 His rams and sheep and lambs 7; whom the Saviour likened unto a rock, saying, °° ‘On this rock will I build my church and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it. Unto thee will I give the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatsoever 84 thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and what thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven’. And he, whose was this great honour, wrote unto the presbyters that which we did first say, so that none of them might say, ‘I am no bishopz and upon me is nothing chargeable’. But o them he also teacheth that they م are bishops and that they also shall be held answerable, every one of them, for his church and for the district belonging thereto, like as the bishop also shall be answerable for the town and the districts belonging thereto which are under his pastorship. °' Where is the use of the g presbyter unless he be the fellow of Peter and witness of the sufferings of Christ, °° testifying unto all the people of the sufferings which the Lord Christ took upon Him for our sakes s, that He might save us from the death that He died, and testifying unto?s all the people of the glory which was revealed from heaven, °° alighting upon the sons of God, and (moreover) if they visit not these with gladness? °° None shall be made to fear, as they do who rule by fear,! rather of each shall it be asked as of a father 3 and they shall serve the altar with righteousness and joy. 1 1-6
7 11. lambs and sheep.
m M. And whatsoever.
7, M. Am I a bishop? Upon me 646.
o M. but rather he teacheth them that they also.
gq M. of a. s R. for his sake.
¢ M. among.
% Joh. XXI. 16, 17. 98 Mat. XVI. 18 ff..
98 y Pet. V. 1. 99 rpobdjwso, I Pet. V. 3.
1 xeranupiedovres, ٠ 20717 Pim Ver 1
1 1-6
7 11. lambs and sheep. m M. And whatsoever. 7, M. Am I a bishop? Upon me 646. o M. but rather he teacheth them that they also. gq M. of a. s R. for his sake. ¢ M. among. % Joh. XXI. 16, 17. 98 Mat. XVI. 18 ff.. 98 y Pet. V. 1. 99 rpobdjwso, I Pet. V. 3. 1 xeranupiedovres, ٠ 20717 Pim Ver 1
For He teacheth, saying , ‘Ye be bishops of the people’. And every one shall see them and shall behold their humility as men of God and not as them that rule in pride over the people entrusted unto them, lest God set Himself against them in the office of their bishopric. Then shall Christ, the chief shepherd 5 and true bishop, crown them with crowns, beside Peter, His beloved, and reckon them among the number of the Apostles. But if their hearts become proud against the people or against the priests that are beneath them, then shall God humble them and shall not exalt them, but shall humble them the more; not alone the presbyters but like- wise the bishops that are made answerable for this saying and all those also that stand beneath the shadow of the altar, the deacons and the halfdeacons (szc), the readers and singers and doorkeepers. For upon seven pillars hath Wis- dom rested her house ؟ and seven are the perfect ‘ spirits of God in the church, which are the bishops and presbyters and deacons and halfdeacons and readers and singers and doorkeepers, whom Zechariah doth call the seven eyes of God, whereof God saith,® ‘He that toucheth them is 5 one that toucheth the pupils of his eyes’. For the seven orders (= (عموهةء that we have named, the same are the seven eyes of the church; but what is the church’s head but Christ? !° And they are the seven pillars whereon the church is founded, of which thea wise a Solomon saith"! that Wisdom hath builded her an house and established it
aA Cease
4 Fet: ¥. 3. 5 1 beta a ae oy es.
6 Prov. IX. 1. This is quoted in Athanasius’ /esta/ Letters (ed. Larsow 99).
9 7b. Il. 8. Col. 1. 18; Eon. 14 22. V2 23:
! ° And they are the seven pillars whereon the church is founded, of which thea wise a Solomon saith"! that Wisdom hath builded her an house and established it
aA Cease
4 Fet: ¥. 3. 5 1 beta a ae oy es. 6 Prov. IX. 1. This is quoted in Athanasius’ /esta/ Letters (ed. Larsow 99). 9 7b. Il. 8. Col. 1. 18; Eon. 14 22. V2 23:
upon seven pillars. And thereafter he 6طغأععالوعم5 at once unto 5ن 7 of the bread and the cup, showing us that thereby he intendeth the chiirch, how she doth call unto the people that dwell in idolatrous ignorance saying, '? ‘Come, eat of my bread’ (that is, the body of Christ) ‘and drink of the wine that I have mingled’ (that again is Christ’s blood). Knowest thou now, O bishop, that the church is estab- lished not upon thee alone, but also upon the other six orders in the church? Reject not these neither despise them, rather honour them, for they are your fellows and ministers with you. ' For the head may not say unto the feet, ‘I need you not’; for the head below which is no foot is itself all foot. 14 Likewise the bishop that despiseth the doorkeeper or deacon or singer, the same cannot govern their orders. How can he celebrate the mysteries and (at the same time) keep the doors, or how sing and (at the same time) receive of the mysteries? Just as there is need of the head, so also doth necessity require the feet.
Knowest thou not, O priest, that the sons of the church are thy members? © Have a care therefore of them as thou wouldst care for thy body, gathering them in from all parts, -so that they sin not, and giving them of what they need | for the confirming of their bodies. Leave f them not lacking for food and support, that they may be without cause for (the excuse) which they make concerning receiving and giv- ing, but may rather wait patiently, giving their time unto the altar, as is fitting, that their lives may be holy and the whole people be edified thereby '° and that the church suffer not loss through the lives of her children. Verily all that God hath given the church He hath given her for nought
6M.>. J M. Leave ye them not.
Verily all that God hath given the church He hath given her for nought
6M. >. J M. Leave ye them not.
but that she may minister to the sanctuary and to the poor of the people. And ye also, ye seven eyes of God, perform your service aright, each one according to his office, from the bishop to the doorkeeper. Ye have heard God’s gift which hath been given unto you, that none may venture to lay hands on you, according to the saying of Zechariah the prophet, '’ ‘He that toucheth you is as one that toucheth the apple of his’ eyes. For yevare tne e€ycs of the church. Of you hath Christ said, '? ‘Ye are the light of the world’. Be not therefore blind to the knowledge of God, lest ye be blamed, and it be said, ‘If the light within thee be dark- ness, '® what is the darkness?’ When the church’s sons are sinners, what can sinners do? If an earthly king taketh thought for the towns, that are not his, shall not God then do His will, as He doth?z For by the decree of Artaxerxes, king of Persia, it was announced to Ezra the priest that all they that served God’s altar should not be required for the taxes nor for the forced labour which they did for the build- ing of the towns, neither in fighting nor in the land-tax x. For thus saith he, ‘Artaxerxes, king of Mosul, writeth 20 unto Ezra the priest and unto all servants of the law of the Lord: Hail. I purpose to serve the living God of heaven. Where- fore I ordain that every one that devoteth himself unto the altar, both thou, O highpriest Ezra, the priest, and all Levites 2! and the Scribes, that is the readers, and the Pharisees, 3 that is the ministers, and the singers and p the doorkeepers £, shall not be taxed at all, neither shall they appear before the
i R. that are not his, and God desireth not that which they do; Mv. His
21 3(1) Esd. VIII. 22, Ezra VII. 24. 22 The Pharisees seem here to represent the N&beve/u, perhaps because of their frequent mention in N. T. in conjunction with the Scribes.
R f. 102a@
that are not his, and God desireth not that which they do; Mv. His
21 3(1) Esd. VIII. 22, Ezra VII. 24. 22 The Pharisees seem here to represent the N&beve/u, perhaps because of their frequent mention in N. T. in conjunction with the Scribes. R f. 102a@
king’. And the Saviour ordaineth saying; 23 ‘Render unto the king what is the king’s andg unto God what is God’s For he knoweth that the king hath need of the poll-tax for the maintenance of the inhabited world; 24 for thus saith He,”> ‘By me kings reign’. And likewise the king is answer- able unto God if he neglect a town, so that it be laid waste, or a village, so that the barbarians destroy it. What sayest thou then, O priest, of the name that hath been given thee and the image of God wherewith thou art clothed in return for all these /things)? If the bishop serve not the altar as befits the reverence for its honour, but rather despisethy the presbyters and the presbyters despise the deacons and the deacons the people and every one is neglectful in his duties, what wilt thou then say? Shall God keep silence for ever?
(§ 11).¢ If the subdeacon give not good heed unto the church, so that the dogs?’ and heathen (? Muslims) ? enter in, while he driveth them not out neither forbiddeth them, then doth he sin. The reader shall read nought but from the catholic ?® word, lest the people mock at the lying x words of the writings that have been set aside, ° which be not of God’s inspiration ! but of the world w.
M. and God’s money unto God. 2 M. they despise. ب
—# R. Contents: Of the service of the subdeacon and other matters. uM. >. w R. of the world’s inspiration.
21 Phil, 1117 2. Kev. Mar 15, Mts Vil, 05 2G.
28 Hanif certainly ‘Muslim’; but cf. 5 17 profligate, tai, paganus, Leela paganicus. Cf. §§ 21, 26. (V. ZDMC. XLI. 721 D. S. Margoliouth and C. J. Lyall in FRAS. 1903, 478 ff., 774 ff.).
30 amrdupupa:,
(§ 12).x The singers shall not sing the writings y of Me- letius م and of the ignoranta, ? that sing without wisdom, not as David and in the Holy Spirit, ° but like the songs of the heathen, whose mouths ought to be stopped. 75 But if they sing not in the Holy Spirit, let them sing not (at all). It is written, °° ‘Ye shall not add thereto neither take from it.’
x The singers shall not sing the writings y of Me- letius م and of the ignoranta, ? that sing without wisdom, not as David and in the Holy Spirit, ° but like the songs of the heathen, whose mouths ought to be stopped. 75 But if they sing not in the Holy Spirit, let them sing not (at all). It is written, °° ‘Ye shall not add thereto neither take from it. ’
(§ 13). 6 The doorkeepers ' likewise shall stand every day at the doors of the sanctuary. Those that watch the doors of the place of entry, shall give heed to the doors of the sanctuary; they (it is) to whom the Word giveth blessing, saying, ‘Blessedd ared they that guard the threshold of the entry e and that watch the sanctuary by night because of the enemies of the sanctuary; they that would that the house of God — to f whom praise f — should flourish and that give heed unto the ordering of the sanctuary nor allow the lamp all night to go out.’ Likewise it is said concerning the laws of the tabernacle and the lamp in the sanctuary, that it shall shine all the time from evening until morning. ° Hath God need of the light of a lamp? Nay, for He is the
x R. Contents: What the singers may sing. y R. the lies. oR. Umaabe, Mp. Laake , Mv. cymes (sic) Cf. .م YF note b.
a M. here adds a Coptic word, meaning apparently ‘vagabonds’. [W. E. C.] م R. Contents: Of the order of ministry of the doorkeepers.
aM <<. e M. the entries. 7 oo. >:
32 Probably represents idswrixol Paauo/, Can. Laod. 59.
Cf. mvevpatixal, Eph. V. 19, Col. III. 16. 4د
35 Ps, LXIII. 12, Rom. III. 19.
38 The Logos.
40 Ex. XXVII. 20, 21, Lev. XXIV. 21.
R f. 1026
Rf. 103a
light of the world ' and light of all lights. But the door- keeper shall know that he is the eye in the head and the seventh among the holy lamps of the candlestick that Moses made, 43 which the prophet Zechariah also saw and said, 44 ‘I saw a candlestick all of gold — that is the church — and thereon a lamp — that is Christ — and two olive trees’ — that is the Old and the New Testament — which the men of the Old Testament that are in the sanctuary do interpret z according to the word of the Holy Spirit; for God is holy and hath pleasure in the saints. ° And it is the holy ones that do enter the sanctuary. They alone that do the will of God are in truth the saints.
(§ 14).4 A bishop under whose authority are the divine vessels, when the whole people cry unto him for bread and he heedeth them not, what of holiness hath such an one? When the people of Egypt cried unto Pharaoh in hunger, then opened he all the storehouses and sold unto them; ' and (thus) they died not by reason of the scarcity, because he had obeyed Joseph, the prophet of God. And Joseph shall be for thee a counsellor more than (for?) Pharaoh. What is the bishop’s office, if he visit not his people to learn their way of life? None shall be set up as bishop except he observe the Gospel with a pure heart. If he observe it not, he is without belief in the holy Trinity. A bishop that, without he be sick, shall on any day neglect the sacrament, the same shall die in sorrow. A bishop that loveth mankind shall obtain much blessing. A bishop that
z Mv. read.
k R. Contents: How the bishop shall order his expenses.
41 Joh. VIII. 12, IX. 5. 42 Mt. VI. 22.
43 Exod. XXV. 31 ff.
«Zech. 1V, 2... 1211 Apoc. AL 4, Rom. 1!
45 I do not understand this passage. Perhaps the Arabic translation is at fault.
loveth the poor, the same is rich and the city with its district shall honour him and in his days shall the church not lack aught. A bishop that loveth the poor, in his city are there no pooro; for the church of the city is rich. For who is rich save the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost? He that knoweth things before and taketh thought therefor, the same is a (true) bishop. For this cause thou shalt believe that unto every one that asketh of thee will God give because of His love toward mankind. 4" Take the tithes and the firstfruits on behalf of the poor; for for this cause doth He ordain, saying, 35 ‘Give unto the poor.’ And do good to them that minister and pray for the people. Whoso is occupied about the church, the people know that the shadow of his body healeth the sick.°' God is com- passionate in beholding the poor and the orphans and He is a father unto the orphans and a father unto the poor; he is the (true) bishop. A bishop that loveth the poor re- specteth not persons, rather he causeth the poor to sit down with the rich. Better a poor man that believeth than a godless, unbelieving king. A righteous bishop sitteth rather with a believing poor man than with a godless rich. A just rich man despiseth not the poor but sitteth by them nothing doubting. He that respecteth the rich above the poor shall fall into sin. >?
(§ 15).v A bishop that visiteth not the sick and those in the prisons is without compassion. The compassionate visiteth them oft.
(§ 16(. A bishop shall not be any Sunday without alms-
o M. A bishop that loveth the poor is not poor. v R. Contents: Of the bishop’s visits to the poor and others. w R. Contents: Of the bishop’s alms-giving every Sunday.
R f. 1034
giving. And the poor and orphans shall he know as doth a father, and shall gather them together at the great festival of the Lord, 53 vowing and distributing much alms and giving unto each whereof he hath need. And at the feast of Pen- tecost he shall refresh all the people, because that on that day the Holy Ghost came down upon the church. And at the feast of the Lord’s Epiphany, which was in (the month) Tibah, that is the (feast of) Baptism, they shall rejoice with them. The bishop shall gather all the widows and or- phansz and shall rejoice with them, with prayers and hymns, Rf. and shall give unto each according to his needs; for it is a day of blessing; in it was the Lord baptised of John. The poor shall rejoice with thee, O bishop, at all the feasts of the Lord and shall celebrate with thee these three seasons, each year: the Paschal feast shall be kept unto the Lord our God and a feast at the end of the fifty days and the new-year’s feast, which is (that of) the gathering ind of the harvest and the fruits. The last of all fruits is the olive, which is gathered in that day; wherefore by the Egyptians this is called the feast of the beginning of the year. As with the Hebrews New Year’s Day was at the Pascha, which is the first of Barmtdah. So again in the month Tibah did our Saviour appear as God, when, by a wondrous miracle, He made the water wine. 55 This word have we spoken con- cerning the poor; God hath established the bishop because of the feasts, that he may refresh them at the feasts. For thus is God merciful and would not that any of mankind should suffer; for His loving-kindness is busied day and night that
2 Mv. the bringing forth (ov the completion of the land-taxing ?).
53 The reference is to Easter. Note that in the following enumeration Christmas is not mentioned.
54 Cf. dvamravev Philem. 7, 2 Cor. VII. 13.
55 Cf. Athanasius Festal Letters, ed. Larsow 138.
He may benefit mankind. Wherefore, O bishop, give relief unto the poor and needy and visit them and set them free, especially at these three feasts. For the laws of the kings teach us that we should submit ourselves unto God’s loving- kindness and relieve all them that are in need, O bishop.
54 Cf. dvamravev Philem. 7, 2 Cor. VII. 13. 55 Cf. Athanasius Festal Letters, ed. Larsow 138. He may benefit mankind. Wherefore, O bishop, give relief unto the poor and needy and visit them and set them free, especially at these three feasts. For the laws of the kings teach us that we should submit ourselves unto God’s loving- kindness and relieve all them that are in need, O bishop.
(§ 17). None of the priests may depart from the bishop upon the fixed days, except they that guardz the holy vessels.
(§ 18).4 The bishop shall prove the reader and the singers often, that they read not any books but the common, ca- tholic books, ' whence all the people learneth of God’s great work, which is His mercy. Be thou also zealous(?), O bishop, that thou be compassionate, even as God is.
(§ 19). Have thou in the church a just measure, gauged above and below(?), that the poor suffer not hurt.
(§ 20).0 And the priests shall be nourished from the church, lest they find wherewith to make excuse; for God shall judge them.
(§ 21).4 The husbandmen of the church shall be more holy than other husbandmen, like men of God. Their hired- labourers shall be given their hire by one measure, nor shall their beasts of burdeng be separated from the beasts of burdeny of the hired-labourers. They shall not leave a beast untended, so that it stray and go about in strange pastures. The hired-labourers shall perform the work of their hus- bandmen diligently and with their whole heart, as children.
h R. Contents: Of the gathering of the priests unto the bishop.
2 MM. set in order,
k R. Contents: That the bishop enquire concerning the affairs of the priests. m R. Contents: That the church must needs have a (gauged) measure.
o R. Contents: Of the priests’ victuals from the church.
R. Contents: Of the honour of the husbandmen of the church above others. مر qg M. their goods. ry M. the goods.
56 I do not know to what. this refers. St Cf. § 11.
R f. 1042
They shall not ill-treat their beasts-of-burden nor cry out upon them with hard words which go forth from their mouths; but the fear of God shall be in their hearts in all that they do. And it is shameful if a heathen (? Muslim) ® or a Jew hear that the church hath two measures ¢.
(§ 22). None of the priests may concern himself with the matter of the land-tax. Nor may they use familiarity in the houses of the rich, but rather give themselves unto the service of the altar.
(§ 23).v If a church possess not sufficient for the suste- nance of them that serve the altar, then the bishop shall give them whereof they have need, that they may give themselves wholly unto the altar. But if the bishop give nought, then shall one of the priests go unto a rich man by reason of the needs of his house. And his sin falleth upon the bishop.
(§ 23). v If a church possess not sufficient for the suste- nance of them that serve the altar, then the bishop shall give them whereof they have need, that they may give themselves wholly unto the altar. But if the bishop give nought, then shall one of the priests go unto a rich man by reason of the needs of his house. And his sin falleth upon the bishop.
(§ 24). But no man shall suffer that any of the priests should do him service or minister unto him; for (then) is sin upon him; because upon him are the hand and the name. It is no right ordinance that a priest should serve a layman. But if he would that a blessing should rest upon him, like
Micah, of whom it is told in the (book of) Judges, °° which —
received the Levite, saying, ‘Now I know that the Lord will do unto me good, seeing a Levite is become my priest;’ or be it a deacon, let him go unto him, to enquire his need, in the measure of his poverty, and let him give unto him; yet not as unto one whom he humbleth, but rather
2 M. that there be two measures in the church.
wu R. Contents: That priests may not be husbandmen. (The author of this heading probably read يتذللوا ‘may not demean themselves in the houses of the rich’, 7.e. may not become hired-labourers).
v R. Contents: Of a poor church.
w R. Contents: Concerning reverence and respect for the priests.
59 VY. note on § 11, also § 26. 60 Jud. XVII. 13.
let him give unto him in secret, that a blessing may come upon him as upon Micah, which received the man of God. But the sin of this falleth upon the bishop.
(§ 25). No presbyter shall speak a lying word nor speak with double speech; neither shall a presbyter be wroth toward any man. Let no presbyter join himself in the sacra- ment unto wizards or conjurers or soothsayers (/¢. masters of hours); rather when any enter without reverence, let him set him apart with the catechumens. In short, let not the door-keepers forget them and leave them unheeded. And if they enter ignorantly, then shall the deacons that attend unto this matter set them apart. Should one (yet) enter, then falleth the sin upon the deacons, for that they have not well kept the door of the holy place. And the door- keepers shall keep the outer door, that they that enter in unto the church may have no community with the enemies of the church. Whoso saith that Meletius 6 hath a church, the same is accursed. For ‘if they had been of us, they would have continued with us’°! andd would not have set them- selves against the Lord nor have separated them from His church e. And how can there be two churches, while the apostle ¢ Paul saith ® that the church is one?
(§ 26).2°? None of the children of the church shall go into the theatre or into places of assembly or any places of the heathen. If any shall venture to go there, he shall be separated and left without, till he do penance. If he be a priest, he shall be deposed and shall stand a full year without, fasting daily until even.
y R. Contents: That whereunto the presbyters shall give heed.
6 Mv. the Meletians have.
de M.and if they had not risen against the Lord, wherefore did they separate them from His church? gM >;
h R. Contents: Of that which no child of the church may behold.
61 1 Joh. Il. 19. 6 Col. I. 24, Eph. V. 23—32. 6 Cf. Appendix Ii.
(§ 27).2° If the deacons smite one another at the altar or speak mocking words or play or (tell) evil, vain tales, they must stand a month without and for a week fast until even. They shall not speak unprofitable words, but rather the word of God.
(§ 28). °° The garments of the priests, wherein they cele- brate, shall be white and washed. They shall be laid in the store-chambers of the sanctuary. At the hour of going to the altar they shall be found laid in the sanctuary, in the store-chamber, in charge of him that guardeth the vessels, even as the prophet Ezekiel hath ordained.
(§ 29). No deacon or whoso is counted of the priesthood shall drink wine unto drunkenness. They shall not drink in the holy places nor shall any priest drink wine by day, except a cup or two; and when they have drunken, they shall not go forth from the town, lest any have the likeness (ox%%ua) of Christ in contempt.
(§ 30). 7ع In the Paschal days may none of the priests drink wine at all, neither eat aught whence blood hath come forth. What wine remaineth over from the altar at the Pascha shall be given unto the sick poor.
(§ 31). w 55 In the holy x Quadragesima shall none of the priests go to a bath, neither upon the two fast days, Wed- nesday and Friday. And if any be found to have gone thither, without cause of sickness or necessity, he shall be put forth.
ZR. Contents: Of such deacons as smite one another at the altar.
BR. Contents: Of the garments of the priests wherein they celebrate the sacrament.
r R. Contents: Of whoso of the priests is drunken.
¢ R. Contents: Of him that drinketh wine in the Paschal days.
w R. Contents: Of him that goeth unto a bath. x M. > holy. 64 Cf. Appendix Ig. 65 Cf. Appendix IA. 66 Ezek. XLIV. 19. 61 Cf. Appendix IZ.
68 Cf. Appendix Ij.
BR. Contents: Of the garments of the priests wherein they celebrate the sacrament. r R. Contents: Of whoso of the priests is drunken. ¢ R. Contents: Of him that drinketh wine in the Paschal days. w R. Contents: Of him that goeth unto a bath. x M. > holy. 64 Cf. Appendix Ig. 65 Cf. Appendix IA. 66 Ezek. XLIV. 19. 61 Cf. Appendix IZ. 68 Cf. Appendix Ij.
(§ 32).7 No priest shall speak in the Zaftr, © which is the place of the offering, neither sit there at all. Neither shall they divide anything there; 60
(§ 33).@ but they shall have a place apart from the people, wherein to divide the bread. The youngest among the priests shall divide it; no priest may divide it when a younger than he is there. Likewise the place where the priests eat shall be apart from the people.
(§ 34). It is not permitted unto a priest to go out on account of the bread of offering and to stand at the oven; but as he serveth the people, so shall the subdeacon serve him. For the prophet d Ezekiel saith, ‘! Whoso serveth, he shall be served’.
(§ 35).e The readers are not bound to the service of the subdeacons, but shall give themselves unto their books. And the reader shall be honoured, because that out of his mouth cometh the holy word.
(§ 36)..¢ No priest shall carry forth the mysteries and go with them about the streets, except for a sick man, when the end and death’s hour of need # draw nigh. And‘ when they carry the mysteries (without), they shall suffer none but the sick to partake. And they shall not do according to favour and give unto one beside the sick, but unto the sick alone. And if any constrain them that they should give
y R. Contents: Of him that talketh or sitteth at the holy altar.
a R. Contents: Of the place of dividing the bread.
b R. Contents: That the priest shall not stand at the oven. aM
e R. Contents: Concerning the ministry of the readers, that none may trouble them therein.
& R. Contents: Concerning the holy mysteries, that they may not be carried without. / .خآ the need of death’s hour.
Vansleb, Hist. 288.
10 The evaoyfa: were divided: cf. Herzog-Hauck, PRE. V. §94. 51 82. XLIV. 115 12? 12 Cf. Appendix Id.
R f. 1064
him of the mysteries, he shall be unto him as he that hid his lord’s money in the earth, because that he honoured not the church. Let him go thither and not be sluggish, for there is no need.
(§ 37(. 13م No deacon shall speak while the cup is in his hand. No man at all shall speak when the cup is there present.
(§ 38(. 7 No priest shall sell in the market.
(§ 39). A deacon shall not draw nigh the altar when an older than he is there; but they shall always hold fans in their hands ‘ while the body is divided, continuing the while in prayer. And when the division is ended, one shall always stay behind and fan with the ‘twigs wherewith he ts clothed, from beginning to end of the offering (azaphora).
7 No priest shall sell in the market. (§ 39). A deacon shall not draw nigh the altar when an older than he is there; but they shall always hold fans in their hands ‘ while the body is divided, continuing the while in prayer. And when the division is ended, one shall always stay behind and fan with the ‘twigs wherewith he ts clothed, from beginning to end of the offering (azaphora).
(§ 40). 2 Let no priest be troubled if any would that he should celebrate ere the people be assembled and the /ad/e- lujah is heard. For it is written, ‘The glory of the kingo is in a great assembly’. Whoso cutteth off and scattereth the people of God because of man’s pleasure, him shall God cut off. Wherefore, O priest, be not thou ashamed before men but rather possess thy soul until the people be assembled. For the evangelist Matthew saith, ‘° ‘When Jesus saw the multitudes, He went up into the mountain to pray’; and Mark saith that the whole city was gathered together at the door of the house and when the house was full, they uncovered the roof of the place where Jesus was and let the sick man down, that He should heal him.
k R. Contents: Of the deacons, that none may speak while he beareth
the cup. ZR. Contents: Of a priest, that he may not sell in the market. m R. Contents: Of a deacon, that he draw not nigh the altar when an
older than he is there.
nm R. Contents: Of the hour of the sacrament. o Mv. the Lord. 13 Cf. Appendix Ig. 4 Cf. Can. Basil. 97 (KROQ. 275). % Prov. XIV. 28. 16 Mt. V. 1, XIV. 23.
11 Mk. 11. 2—5. .
Wherefore let not a priest be troubled in his celebrating, but let him make an end thereof with quietness.
(§ 41).s No priest nor anywz that is reckoned of the priesthood shall go unto them that use augury, neither unto magicians nor wizards nor sorcerers. If any be found to have gone (thither) and three witnesses testify against him, then shall he be cast forth and shall not receive of the mysteries three years, doing bitter penance the while for that he hath done. Thereafter he may return unto his rank (r@Eis), accor- ding to the measure of his penance.
(§ 42). No priest shall have dealings with a woman that is not his (wife). And if one be found in adultery or forni- cation he shall do penance one year. If he do not penance, he shall be excluded.
(§ 43).¢ If a deacon’s wife die, he shall be continent. If he be young and not able to live continently but marry, let him then stand without six months. But if of their lov- ingkindnesse they bring him in, then shall he be as / one af the readers.
)5 44).g¢ No priest shall suffer his wife to adorn herself with gold or silver or precious stones or with antimony or anklets or head-dresses or costly stuffs; for this guise ° is not for the children of the church. For Peter, the head of the apostles, did abominate these adulterous doings ' and Paul writeth of such as do these things, setting them apart before
)5 44). g¢ No priest shall suffer his wife to adorn herself with gold or silver or precious stones or with antimony or anklets or head-dresses or costly stuffs; for this guise ° is not for the children of the church. For Peter, the head of the apostles, did abominate these adulterous doings ' and Paul writeth of such as do these things, setting them apart before
Rf.1074 all men. 52 How much more then we priests? For the priest’s
s R. Contents: Of a priest that talketh with astrologers and others.
zw M. nor believer that. +. Contents: Of him that is found in adultery.
Nn a
. Contents: Of the deacon whose wife dieth. 2+ Mp. as a loved one. /ر M. be with the priests as. g R. Contents: Of the ornaments of priests’ wives.
78 V. the fuller instructions in Can. Basil. 34, 35 (ARQ. 251 ff.) 49 V. the severer discipline of Can. Basil. 42, 43.
80 Tye. Cf. Can. Hippol. 17, Basil. 26.
ota ret. 1 82 1 Tim. II. 9.
wife eateth of the bread of the altar; for this cause she must needs walk seemly. For it repented the patriarch Jacob because of his wives which decked themselves and their maid-servants. But he brought forth his wives’ ornaments z and metal-work from o his house o and destroyed them and buried them beside the terebinth which is in Shechem, unto this day. So also did Moses hate these things. If there- fore Peter so hated these ornaments ر and Paul held them of no account and Moses despised them and Jacob sought them out and abhorred them and hid them in the dust, neither do thou set thyself against these men that are the heads of the church, thou who art unto them a beloved sony.
(§ 45).s No priest shall put away his wife without reason of adultery. 135 And if any shall put away his wife and dwell with another, above all if he hath gotten children by her, he: shall be exciudend:
(§ 46).v No priest shall be go-between in the putting asunder of a marriage. If any be found that hath done this, he shall be excluded until that marriage be brought again together, 7
(§ 47).y No priest shall neglect the sick which are in the streets without making enquiry after them.' And if the sick man be poor, let him give him that he needeth.
(§ 48).2 No priest shall go into the virgins’ convents,
72 R. gold ornaments. ON
p M. this order, arrangement.
ry M. that thou be unto them a beloved son.
R. Contents: Of whoso of the priests putteth away his wife. ى
v R. Contents: Of a priest that parteth a man from his wife.
y R. Contents: Of the priests’ visiting of the sick.
z R. Contents: Of what priests are suffered to go into a virgins’ convent.
83 Gen. XXXV. 4. 84 Ex. XXXIII. 5, XXXV. 22. 8 Mt. XIX. 9g.
86 7. the very similar ordinance in Can. Basil. 71.
81 Lu. X. 31:
8 Lu. X. 35. Cf. Can. Hippol. 24, 25.
Contents: Of a priest that parteth a man from his wife. y R. Contents: Of the priests’ visiting of the sick. z R. Contents: Of what priests are suffered to go into a virgins’ convent. 83 Gen. XXXV. 4. 84 Ex. XXXIII. 5, XXXV. 22. 8 Mt. XIX. 9g. 86 7. the very similar ordinance in Can. Basil. 71. 81 Lu. X. 31:
8 Lu. X. 35. Cf. Can. Hippol. 24, 25.
Rf. 1082 except he be an old man and his wife yet alive. If the presbyter be young and he fast daily while he is in God’s service, so shall continence help him more than weapons, ° that he be not for any soul a stumbling block.
(§ 49). And as for the priests’ trades, they shall not follow any trade wherein is theft or whereby they have not leisure at the time of the sacrament. If a trade 8 hinder a priest at the time of the sacrament and forbidc him to 0 into church upon the Sabbath and Sunday, so that he come after that the psalm is read, there shall no bread of the (divided) portions be given him; but he shall eat and nothing more. Be they standing at the sanctuary 9 ere he come, he shall not go with them unto the place of eating. So like- wise d (shall it be) on the two fasts of Wednesday and Friday. Those that be in the town must come every day to church.
(§ 50). f If a priest come before the lesson and he be but seen and thereafter goeth forth to his work until the time of the offering come, the same shall not be given a portion ; yet shall he be present at the eating. But if the necessity of his trade hinder his presence, / he shall receive a portion, but shall tell the priest ere he depart. None shall take upon him this name, that is the priesthood, and despise it, but rather he shall perform his service even as all the Levites.
(§ 51).4 Let none say, ‘I desire nought of the altar nor have I leisure for the ministry’; for thus it may not be. For the Saviour will say unto him, ‘Either thou doest my law or thou goest forth from my city’. If thou have no need
6 R. Contents: Of the trades that befit the priests.
6 Mv. or if a trade forbid. ah
J R. Contents: Of a priest that is present in the church but goeth forth and returneth again. / ®. cause him to be absent.
1 R. Contents: Of a priest which saith that he hath no need of the altar.
If thou have no need
6 R. Contents: Of the trades that befit the priests. 6 Mv. or if a trade forbid. ah
J R. Contents: Of a priest that is present in the church but goeth forth and returneth again. / ®. cause him to be absent. 1 R. Contents: Of a priest which saith that he hath no need of the altar.
to eat of the bread of the holy place, neither doth any Rf. 1084 compel thee to take (thereof); rather thou receivest (there- with) the more grace, as it is said, °' ‘Freely have I prea- ched the Gospel unto you’. Thou hast leave to eat and to drink 93 because that they that are busied about the altar receive with the altar a share. But if thou say, ‘I take not (of it) neither do Io serve’, think then upon that which He did unto him that had ten pounds and unto him that had one pound and hid it in the earth and wrought not therewith, and how they took it from him and gave it unto him that had the ten pounds. ™
(§ 52(. م If in one of the clergy (Ampoc) there be the spirit of God, the same is the more beloved because of the Holy Ghost which is upon him. If he be of small account in the priesthood, s he must needs be raised to a high rank, be it that of deacon or priest or bishop. Let him not be hindered, by reason of the Holy Ghost that is in him, nor held of small account in the priesthood, but rather let the working of the Holy Ghost which is in him be heeded and let him be set in high place. And if he be a believer and hath pleased God, let none be set over him while he is present.
(§ 53).v There shall no accusation be received against any man that is reckoned of the priesthood, from the bishop unto the doorkeeper, except it be with three witnesses. °°
(§ 54).y °° If one of the bishop’s children be found in mortal sin, the bishop shall be put forth, because that he hath not trained up his children aright. He that hath not
m M. + of God. ك1 ن and 1 ao. not: r R. Contents: Of one of the clergy (A#poc) in whom the grace of the Holy Ghost appeareth. s M. in the church.
vw R. Contents: Of the accusation which befalleth priests. y R. Contents: Of one of the bishop’s children that sinneth.
1 Mt. X. 8. 27 Y Corie a: 55 % Lu. XIX. 24.
% Cf. 1 Tim. V. 19, Can. Apost. 75 (74), Can. Antioch. 14. %6 Cf. Appendix Iz.
power over his own children, how shall he take thought for God’s church? But if he turn again and train up his child as is fitting, he shall again come in.
(§ 55). @ A priest that measureth with two measures, a small and a great, shall be put forth until he do penance.
XIX. 24. % Cf. 1 Tim. V. 19, Can. Apost. 75 (74), Can. Antioch. 14. %6 Cf. Appendix Iz. power over his own children, how shall he take thought for God’s church? But if he turn again and train up his child as is fitting, he shall again come in. (§ 55). @ A priest that measureth with two measures, a small and a great, shall be put forth until he do penance.
(§ 56). Be there orphans which have no (kins-)men, then shall the priest that is their neighbour look upon them as a father. And when he bringeth them in unto his dwelling, he shall give good heed that he suffer not aught of what belongeth unto them to become his. And if they be poor, he shall teach them a craft. And when they be grown and would stay under his authority, he shall not put them from him.
“(§ 57).@ In the week of the holy Pascha all the priests shall sleep in the church. They shall gather all of them together on Friday, at the third hour; for this is the hour wherein they did set about the crucifixion of our Saviour. If any be not present, he shall suffer reproof. And if he be an husbandman in the field, he shall not delay until the sixth hour. The deacons shall separate themselves into two parts among the people, helping one another, giving heed unto quietness among the people at the doors. Weeping children and& such as talk among the people, who remain deliberately without instruction, or him that behaveth himself unseemly shall they put forth. The doorkeepers shall keep watch at the outer doors and shall not suffer any of the scoffers nor any they have put forth to enter ere they be bidden. Likewise the deacons shall stand at the second door. In/ case there be a press at the outer door, then shall they
a §§ 55 and 56 are wanting in R. d R. Contents: Of the week of the holy Pascha. k M. or. Mv. door, lest there be a press at the outer door, They shall help eéc.
R f. 109a
R f. 1090
help the doorkeepers a; or if the deacons have need of the doorkeepers to help them in keeping of order among the people, then shall these help them. All this let them do that the word of God may be glorified and the people hear in quietness and that silence be in the whole church, until they finish the word of God with the blessing. But if any of them talk with a loud voice, the blame falleth upon the presbyter, for that the deacons have not trained the people. During the Pascha the priests shall fast two days together. But the readers shall eat every day, nor shall they do aught save what all the people do in their eating, as it is said, ' ‘Eat ye the bread in affliction’, that is to say, bread wherein no sweetness and herbs wherein no sweetness is.
(§ 59).« The singers shall sing nought but the book of Psalms and shall likewise teach others without grudging to sing, that God may make His dwelling in the whole people, from the head to the foot.
(§ 59). « The singers shall sing nought but the book of Psalms and shall likewise teach others without grudging to sing, that God may make His dwelling in the whole people, from the head to the foot.
(§ 60). zw No priest shall tarry behind from the eighth hour of the day onward, and they shall be gathered together, until the time of the appearing of the stars in heaven vz. They shall read ere they let the people depart, they praying and hearing the lessons, that they may be worthy 01 75 the Pascha in joy and gladness. And as for those things z which
a The text here transcribes the Coptic emmnout (as in Tuki’s Luchologion 1 366), explaining it by the corresponding Arabic word.
R. Contents: Of the readers, that they give heed unto that which they read. و
wz R. Contents: Of the singers and that which they sing.
w R. Contents: Of the afternoon prayer on the Friday of the Pascha.
x M. stars at evening. z R. as for the Pascha and the things.
they do at the Pascha, they shall eat and drink in wisdom, without drunkenness.
(§ 61). The steward ® of the church shall do nought without the bishop and likewise the bishop shall do nought without the steward. The steward shall be a chosen man and a God-fearing, in no matter of charity turning his face from any man, be he that asketh poor or rich, except it be one with stealthy eye, that would take the vessels of the church. And if it befall that one, having been rich, have need of something and is in want, he must have charity also with him; for he also is a son of the church. And all things shall be under the steward: the fruit and the seed-corn and the grain that belong unto the church. He shall be a father to the orphans and widow and shall take counsel with the bishop of all that is pleasing unto God, both being wholly of one heart one with another. For the apostle Peter saith i‘ ‘But finally, that ye be all of one heart’. Dof nought with- out the g bishop, from an ardeb upwards; but from an ardeb downwards. Upon the poor and needy he shall set a mark, and such as are marked he shall bring unto the bishop. And if the bishop bid that ten ardebs or more or less be given them, he shall give to each of them according to the writing and shall not add aught thereto. And as for small matters,” if any ask of the steward half an arded, he hath
authority to give it him, even unto five wazbahs.? All alms-
6 R. Contents: Of that whereof the steward of the church must take heed. J Mb. They shall do. ير R. a bishop.
2 Perhaps mistaking 35572 ‘summer’ for 8m ‘small’, LW. BE. Co
And as for small matters,” if any ask of the steward half an arded, he hath
authority to give it him, even unto five wazbahs.? All alms-
6 R. Contents: Of that whereof the steward of the church must take heed. J Mb. They shall do. ير R. a bishop. 2 Perhaps mistaking 35572 ‘summer’ for 8m ‘small’, LW. BE. Co
3 The arded contains 6 waibahs, (Wilcken, Ostraka, 1.751). In Cairo today the arded has 183 litres, that of Alexandria has 271, that of Rosetta 290; while that of Massaua has only 10:5 lit. and that of Gondar 4°4 (Brockhaus, Kon- versationslexicon, s. v. Ardeb). F. Hultsch (Metrologie®, 623) estimates the Ptolemaic ar/aba at 39:4 lit.; Wilcken (Ostraka I. 751) at 23°62.
Dt LIOR
R f. 1100
giving is in the power of the bishop, but for small matters, he it is giveth them (z. e. to the poor). All reckonings concern- ing the goods of the church are (the affair) of them both &. If he. be found to have set aside aught for himself in his stewardship and he saith, ‘It is mine’, they shall set up against him witnesses which knew him and his state before (he had) the stewardship, and so shall/ they take the stew- ardship from him /. Whether it be vineyards or fields, they shall take them from him and shall expel him from the stewardship. Let him think upon that which befell Ananias and Sapphira his wife, when they stole of the price of their field which was theirs. If any one be faithful in little, unto him shall much be entrusted in the world to come. ® ‘But if he eat and drink and be drunken and forget the poor and smite his fellow-servants, the lord of that servant shall come, in a day which he knoweth not and in an hour whereof he is not aware, and shall cut him asunder and destroy him and shall appoint his portion with the unbe- lievers’.®° The steward shall know all the consecrated vessels of the church and shall a make a visitation thereof each year ‘.
(§ 62).0 And all the headmen® shall be appointed for the church at the Pascha. And this is the law (vamos) of the lesser headman: all the consecrated vessels shall be with him and the reckoning thereof shall be in the great church. All the consecrated vessels that have been vowed shall be given unto him, whether it be a vessel of gold or silver or bronze; and he shall tell the bishop concerning them at
the Paschal feast, that he may write them down.
k R. both >. ig ok o R. Contents: Of the church vessels and of him with whom they are.
7 On the olxovduog éyas, the principal administrative and financial official of the Pachomian monasteries, 2. Griitzmacher, Pachomius 132 ff.
8 Copt. ‘steward’,
)5 63).cv All the first-fruits of corn, wine and beasts of burden shall be given unto the priests of the church, and there shall be taken of it a choice offering into the sanct- uary :و" and what remaineth the servants of the Lord shall eat. '
7 On the olxovduog éyas, the principal administrative and financial official of the Pachomian monasteries, 2. Griitzmacher, Pachomius 132 ff. 8 Copt. ‘steward’,
)5 63). cv All the first-fruits of corn, wine and beasts of burden shall be given unto the priests of the church, and there shall be taken of it a choice offering into the sanct- uary :و" and what remaineth the servants of the Lord shall eat. '
(§ 64).@ An offering that remaineth over from yesterday they shall not offer, neither that which hath been divided in pieces in any church, but bread warm, fresh and whole. !!
(§ 65).c¢ If the goods which belong unto the church suffice for the offering and for that whereof the priests have need for their sustenance and for the oil of the lighted lamps, so shall they in no wise murmur against the bishop. But if there be nought in the church that may suffice for the offering and the sustenance of the priests, then shall the bishop give them that whereof they have need, (so) doing the will of God. Unto the poor shall he give alms. A church shall he not neglect nor suffer it to fall in ruin beyond another; but there shall be for all of them one ordinance and one ordi- nance for the priests. And all that they have over and above shall be given to the poor. This is the manner (of acting) which Christ, the head of the church, hath laid down, and the Apostles that f are the fathers of us priests. For He saith in the Gospel of Matthew, '? ‘Buy what is needful for the feast’, and that they should give unto the poor. Give
w .خآ Contents: Of all the firstfruits that are given to the priests.
a R. Contents: Of not making offering of the offering of yesterday.
6M. > whole. Cf. also § 64 (R f. 1104),
© R. Contents: Of the church’s goods; that if it be possible the offerings and the victuals of the priests shall be provided therefrom.
J R. and those that.
12 Rather Joh. XIII. 29.
first unto the Lord and His disciples; thereafter to the poor among the people.
(§ 66).4 The bishop shall eat often with the priests in the church, that he may see their behaviour, whether they do eat in quietness and in the fear of God. And he shall stand there and serve them; and if they be weak, he shall wash their feet with his own hands. And if he be not able to do this, he shall cause the archpriest or him that is after him to wash their feet. Suffer not the commandment of the Saviour '? to depart from you, for for all this shall ye be answerable, that they likewise may see the lowliness of the Saviour in you. The bishop shall not fail in all this thrice a year: at the Paschal feast and at the feast of Pentecost and at the feast of Baptism on the eleventh of (the month) Tibah. And there shall not be present in their assembly any unbelieving priest nor any stranger from another people, save a priest only.
(§ 67). None among them shall talk while they eat, nor shall they, while they eat, raise their faces one toward an- other. And if the bishop speak God’s word g, they shall all pive eed”
(§ 68).s All priests that are in the villages of the district of the city © shall gather themselves unto the bishop upon one day, thrice a year, '® and he shall read unto them these ordinances and these commandments and they for their part shall write them and shall lay them up in every city and
in every village; that the compassion of the saints may rest
h R. Contents: Of the bishop’s eating with the priests. nm R. Contents: Of such as talk at the time of eating. gM. > God’s word. s R. Contents: Of the assembling of the village priests unto their bishop.
13 Joh. XIII. 14. 14 Cf. Can. Hippol. 34.
15 7, .م the Egyptian nome (vopdo).
upon them, ' even as it rested upon Philemon, the disciple of Paul the Apostle ¢, as it is written, '® ‘Thy saints rejoice because of David, thy servant’; so likewise let them say, ‘Lo, the priests, the sons of the church, do walk throughout according to God’s pleasure’.
(§ 69).v If a priest be an husbandman, when he maketh an end of reaping the corn and the barley in his field, he shall not reap all of it but shall leave behind him a portion planted (with corn) according to his means, that it may be for a portion for the gleaners that pluck it with their hands. Nor shall he return to gather up that which falleth of his harvesting. And if a sheaf! pass unseen, he shall not return to take it; it shall be for the poor and the strangers, that the blessing of the Lord may be upon him, 2° because that he hath done His will, when he gathered into his gra- neries and filled them. And he shall bring all the first-fruits of his field into the house of the Lord.
(§ 70). f If one be rich and a priest, whether presbyter or deacon, first of all he shall observe the service of the altar according to all these commandments and these ordi- nances, and the Holy Spirit 7! shall he not despise. And if so be that he have not need of the holy place, that he should eat from the church, yet shall he consider this in his heart saying, ‘If I eat not of the alms of the holy place, yet belongeth what else is mine unto God; for it is written, 2? ‘The earth is the Lord’s and the fullness thereof’. Humble shall he be in all things, according to the will of God,
¢ M.> the Apostle. 2 R. Contents: Of a presbyter that is an husbandman. J R. Contents: Of whoso of the priests is rich and of the charity that he must do.
17 Philem. 7. ie Ps. CXXXII.: 9, fo.
21١ Mistaking pma ‘the place’ for pra (xvetua) ‘spirit’. [W. E. C.] a Ps. AXIV. 1, 1 Cor. XX. 36;
if £17
R f. 12a
seeking to be accepted of God at his great judgment, like a poor man casting an arded of his corn upon the threshing- floor of a great and rich man. But this rich man is very compassionate and shareth with the poor all his threshing- floors. In this wise doth Christ ask small things, that He may in return therefor give great. Whoso giveth his goods according to the will of God, him shall God set in authority in heaven over ten cities; instead of this one place? which the rich of His world hath, he inheriteth what is God’s x, according to His will. A priest that hath great riches in this world and seeth that his brother hath need, shall take pity on him, that it may in truth appear that the love of God is firmly established in him and that they all may know that he is compassionate, and that not with the tongue only but in deed and truth. And when he gathereth in his vine عط shall bring in the first-fruits of his wine-press unto the house of the Lord his God, ere he taste thereof, he and his wife and his children and his house ®°. And when he ga- thereth in, he shall not gather in. of all the vine, 25 to cast it into the wine-press, but shall leave a few / clusters hang- ing on the vine, on behalf of the poor and the strangers and the wanderer that hath gone forth 25 and the orphan and the widow that is akin unto him; that they may gather the grapes with their hands and that mercy be reckoned unto thee with the Lordg. Because thou hast caused the poor to take their fill with eyes and soul of the fruits of thy vine, blessing shall come upon thee and thy children and thy cattle. They shall be born unto thee and shall increase
2 M. inheriteth with God. ‘pp M.+of the. g R. that the Lord may set mercy to thy account.
Because thou hast caused the poor to take their fill with eyes and soul of the fruits of thy vine, blessing shall come upon thee and thy children and thy cattle. They shall be born unto thee and shall increase
2 M. inheriteth with God. ‘pp M. +of the. g R. that the Lord may set mercy to thy account.
and multiply, because that the poor hath eaten of thy labour r. Turn not behind thee and glean not that which remaineth of thy vine; and the grapes which thou seest and observest hanging and left over by the gleaners cut thou them not, but rather leave them for the poor and the widows. So shall blessing come upon the whole vine and thy wine-press shall be filled with wine and it shall not spoil nor become sour neither shall any stink of all that thou drawest from thy wine-press; for the blessing of God resteth upon it and it shall not spoil. For all they that are evil toward the poor and give not place to live unto the needy but with evil eye covet their possessions, of these shall the corn be eaten of worms, because that they have not given unto the poor and hungry; of these shall the wine be turned to vinegar, because the ordinance of God is not with them, as (it was with) him whose land was fertile and who had gathered his corn into his barns. ° Since he said not, ‘I will give of my goods unto the poor’, but said rather, ‘I will eat and drink and take my pleasure’, because of his iniquity God cursed him and what was his, saying unto him, ! ‘O fool, this night shall thy soul be taken from thee and that which thou hast prepared shall others take’. And thou, © priest, all this dost thou know; keep thyself therefore from the evil eve Vand open thy hand to the poor, that unto thee God may open the treasure of good things in heaven. For if thou give it for a benefit unto the orphan and widow, thou shalt receive for ity many times again. This have I said unto thee, O priest, yet not as though these commandments bind not the laity likewise; but for them also are they binding. But if so be that the layman 6 be in ignorance of the command- ments, and he see thee to know them and to be unto him
xr Mv. thy prosperity. y R. from them. 6 Lit. this layman.
29 Deut. XXIV. 21. % Lu. XII. 19. $1 Jb, 20. 32 Mat. XX. 15.
a witness for them, so shalt thou be for him asa scripture of God, wherein men read the ordinances of life, and thy conduct shall be for an admonition unto them, whereby all are admo- nished unto good works, that good works may in silence be shown and thou be preached unto others.