God knows all things that happen in His creation — not just that which concerns the irrational creation, but also the ranks of heaven, and humanity; everything that happens in both the visible and the invisible worlds. He knows every last detail of what the future holds, and He knew all this even before He created time. His knowledge is not due to gradual learning; it is His simple essence. For Him, the past and the future are always present before Him. His knowledge does not compel humanity or angels to perform what He knows will happen, for He has sanctified the free will of rational beings. He is not responsible for what they do, as if He were the cause of their actions; yet all matters are displayed before Him with perfect accuracy and clarity.